Optimizing SenseCAP Solar P1-Pro Range for MeshCore Networks

The SenseCAP Solar Node P1-Pro is a robust, self-sufficient repeater solution specifically designed for decentralized LoRa mesh networks like MeshCore. It aims to ensure reliable network coverage. Through targeted optimizations, such as antenna replacement, the performance of these devices can be further enhanced. This article details how to improve antenna performance and verify the proper functioning of your Solar Node P1-Pro.

Fundamentals of Range Improvement

The standard antenna of the Solar Node P1-Pro is factory-tuned to the device and achieves ranges of approximately 9 km under ideal conditions—i.e., in an open environment with a clear line of sight. However, before considering an antenna upgrade, there are simpler and often more effective measures to optimize communication range.

Optimal Location for Maximum Performance

LoRa connection performance largely depends on an unobstructed line of sight. Obstacles such as buildings, hills, dense vegetation, or metallic structures can significantly weaken the signal. Therefore, it is advisable to install the P1-Pro in as open a location as possible, avoiding placement behind walls, inside metal enclosures, or very close to large metal objects.

Installation Height as a Key Factor

Installation height has a crucial impact on coverage. Mounting the P1-Pro on a rooftop, pole, balcony, or other elevated position minimizes obstruction from nearby buildings and terrain, giving the antenna a clearer path to other MeshCore nodes. Even raising the node by a few meters can noticeably improve the link quality in some environments.

Maintain a Clear Line of Sight

Especially for long-range links, a clear line of sight between nodes is essential. Apparent proximity on a map does not automatically mean a good connection if hills, buildings, or dense vegetation block the direct radio link. For range testing, it is advisable to initially choose locations with the best possible line of sight.

Correct Antenna Placement

The antenna should be vertically oriented during normal deployment, especially if the antennas on other nodes are also vertically polarized. It is important to avoid placing the antenna directly against metal surfaces or in their immediate vicinity, as this can negatively affect radio frequency (RF) performance. Even small changes in mounting position can improve the signal.

Antenna Upgrade for Extended Coverage

If all location-based optimizations have been exhausted and further range enhancement is desired, an antenna upgrade is the next logical step. A fiberglass antenna with suitable gain can significantly improve performance for fixed outdoor repeater deployments. Note that in this case, the antenna connection will also need to be changed to N-type, and the exposed RF cable must be protected from weather influences for long-term outdoor use.

Preparation for Antenna Replacement

For the upgrade, you will need the following components:

Cable harness sheath or UV protective tubing, used to protect external SMA cables.
RP-SMA to N-type adapter, used for connecting high-performance antennas.
868-915 MHz fiberglass antenna.

Performing the Hardware Upgrade

The installation is performed as shown in the picture.

The included bracket usually also has corresponding mounting positions for the fiberglass antenna.

Important Note: Always power off the node first before disconnecting or installing SMA connectors. Check the connector orientation before applying force. When tightening the adapter, ensure the connector fits snugly. A loose RF connector can significantly reduce performance.

*Internal structure of the Solar Node P1-Pro*

Updating the Solar Node P1-Pro Firmware

To utilize the latest features and performance enhancements, the Solar Node P1-Pro firmware should be regularly updated. This is conveniently done via the MeshCore Flasher:

Connect the SenseCAP to your PC using the USB-C port.
Open the MeshCore Flasher website and select the SenseCAP Solar SenseCAP device entry.
Enter DFU mode (Device Firmware Upgrade) and mount the device as a removable drive.
Choose the latest MeshCore firmware version and flash it.
After the firmware update is done, connect to the device via USB and use config.meshcore.io to set up the location, radio region, admin/guest passwords, and power settings.

Note: Flashing the repeater firmware will disable the Bluetooth function on the node. MeshCore repeaters can be configured via a USB connection on config.meshcore.io or via the remote management tool in the MeshCore App. Please select the correct radio region (e.g., US/Canada 915 MHz) and set the transmit power and coding rate according to local regulations.

Pairing and Managing with the MeshCore Mobile App

After the repeater completes firmware updates and configuration, and the companion device has Bluetooth enabled, the companion device can discover the repeater through its short-range broadcast. This broadcast is sent when the repeater node powers on or when you press the user button.

You can log in to the app as a guest or an admin (if you set an admin password during USB setup). Guest access provides telemetry data and basic tools. Admin access unlocks the command line and all settings.

Verifying MeshCore Repeater Transmission and Forwarding

Verifying repeater functionality focuses on three key points:

Can the repeater receive packets?
Can the repeater send packets normally?
Does the repeater actually forward data?

Checking Basic Settings

Connect the Repeater via USB serial port and execute:

CLI

ver
board
get radio
get tx
get repeat

The key point to check here is the get repeat command. The return should be on. At the same time, make sure the Frequency, Bandwidth, SF (Spread Factor), and CR (Coding Rate) of the Repeater and Companion are completely the same. If the device supports it, you can also check get radio.rxgain. It is usually on.

Testing Repeater Reception (RX)

First, clear the stats:

CLI

clear stats
stats-radio
stats-packets

Then have the nearby Companion send 3–5 Channel messages in a row. Take another look:

CLI

stats-radio
stats-packets

Focus on the values:

recv
flood_rx
rx_air_secs
last_rssi (Received Signal Strength Indicator)
last_snr (Signal-to-Noise Ratio)
recv_errors

If recv, flood_rx, and rx_air_secs increase, it indicates that the repeater has been properly receiving LoRa data. If these values don’t change at all after sending many packets, check the following first:

Radio parameters
Antenna
RX Gain
SX1262 / RF front end

Verifying Repeater Transmission (TX)

Execute:

CLI

clear stats
advert.zerohop

Then check:

CLI

stats-radio
stats-packets

Normally, you should see sent and tx_air_secs increase. At the same time, nearby companions should be able to receive the repeater’s advertisement. If the stats show it’s been sent but nearby devices aren’t getting it at all, then focus on checking:

PA / FEM (Power Amplifier / Front-End Module)
RF Switch
Antenna
Transmission Frequency
TX Power

Checking if the Repeater is Actually Forwarding

Enable Packet Log:

CLI

clear stats
log erase
log start

Then have Companion A send a few messages. Execute after the test is completed:

CLI

log stop
log
stats-packets

Focus on whether the logs have both RX ... and subsequently TX ... If both entries appear at the same time during the same test, it means the Repeater forwarded the data after receiving it. If you see RX ... and TX FAIL!, reception is fine, but it fails during the sending stage.

Note: It is normal for the quantity of received (RX) packets not to equal the quantity of sent (TX) packets. MeshCore won’t resend every packet it receives; duplicate packets, hop limits, loop detection, and other conditions can prevent forwarding.

Recommended Test Commands

For a quick and comprehensive check, you can use the following command sequence: ` ver board get radio get tx get repeat

clear stats log erase log start

stats-radio stats-packets